Behavioral Adaptations in Turtles to Thermoregulation and Survival Essay Example

Behavioral Adaptations in Turtles to Thermoregulation and Survival Paper Thermoregulation is necessary for ectotherms to survive. One important mechanism for thermoregulation seen in turtles is the ability to migrate between land and water habitats. This mechanism was studied using I-button data loggers placed inside marshmallow peeps to record temperatures In two different microhabitats; one In a stream and the other on the bank adjacent to the stream. Five samples were placed in each microhabitat and temperature was recorded every minute for 20 minutes. It was hypothesized that turtles In moving waters, such as streams, would exhibit lower body temperatures than those residing on banks alongside streams due to convection of the moving water. The results of this experiment Indicated a slgnlflcant dfference between body temperatures of the model turtles in each microhabitat. The temperatures of the samples in the stream were significantly lower than those of the samples on the bank. These results indicate that the convection from the moving stream waters provide effective means for lowering body temperature in ectotherms nd, therefore, can be a critical behavioral adaptation for turtles Inhabltlng areas with warmer climates. Introduction Body temperature is a characteristic that is crucial to an organisms survival. It affects numerous biological processes In organisms Including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and performance (Fitzgerald et al. 2006). In endothermic organisms, body temperature Is regulated by metabolism. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Adaptations in Turtles to Thermoregulation and Survival specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Adaptations in Turtles to Thermoregulation and Survival specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Adaptations in Turtles to Thermoregulation and Survival specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, In ectothermic organisms, such as turtles, body temperature Is not maintained by metabolism; instead they must rely on the thermal environment surrounding them to regulate their body emperature. The mechanisms most responsible for body temperature changes In ectotherms include radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. Radiation is the gain or loss of heat energy from the sun. This mechanism Involves ectothermic organisms changing their body temperature by changing their position in relation to the sun. Convection is or the gain or loss of heat to or from an organism in moving fluid such as water or the wind. Convection causes the body temperature of the ectotherm to equilibrate towards the temperature of the surrounding air or water. Conduction Is the gain or loss of heat to or from surfaces, and evaporation, or the loss of heat due to the conversion of liquid water on the body to gas (Thermal environments [date unknown]). These mechanisms of thermoregulation can govern the behavior of ectotherms_ In order to regulate their body temperature, ectotherms must either utilize these mechanisms by finding habitats that expose them to these tors protection from these elements. Semi-aquatic common snapping turtles in South Carolina, Chelydra serpentina, use behavioral adaptations such as basking in the sun to raise body temperature or swimming in streams, rivers, lakes, etc. o lower their body temperature (Bennett et al. 2005). In a body of moving water, such as a stream, convection from the movement of the water causes the turtles body temperature to equilibrate to the temperature of the water at a rapid rate. This is beneficial because it allows turtles to quickly lower their body temperature when necessary. It can be a disadvantage for turtles because they may need to use water to find food or escape predators even when the water temperature is lower than their optimal temperature ranges. The rapid heat loss due to the convection of moving water will cause the urtles body temperature to quickly equilibrate toward the lower water temperature which may hinder the performance level of the turtle. Fortunately, according to laboratory studies, reptiles like the turtle are able to heat faster than they cool off so they can raise their body temperatures fairly rapidly by basking in the sunlight (Fitzgerald et al. 06). These behavioral adaptations of turtles that allow them to migrate between microhabitats with different thermal environments quite easily, allow turtles to survive in more diverse climates, escape from certain predators, and orage for food in more locations. This ability to adapt is especially important today when we are facing issues such as global warming and seeing so many species become endangered or even extinct. This experiment was done in order to observe the temperature differences between ectotherms, specifically the Chelydra serpentina turtles, in different microhabitats in order to see how much of an effect changing habitats has on a turtles body temperature. In order to do this, a stream was chosen for the first microhabitat and the bank along the sides of the stream for the second microhabitat. Both microhabitats were located in the shade in attempt to eliminate the effect of radiation on body temperature. It was hypothesis was that the turtles in the stream would have a much lower body temperature than those on the bank due to convection. To model the turtles, I-buttons placed inside of marshmallow peeps were used. Materials and Methods The samples used to model the Chelydra serpentina were I-button data loggers each placed in the center of a marshmallow peep. The use of peeps made it easier to suspend the I-buttons in various locations. In order to keep the I-buttons inside each f the peeps, scissors were used to cut small circles in the center of each peep. These I-buttons record the temperature every minute. These I-buttons were kept on ice in a thermos prior to beginning the experiment in order to create a thermal rise that facilitated locating the start of the experimental data when extracting it from the l- buttons. The habitat used for the experiment was a shaded area containing a stream and the bank surrounding the stream where turtles may inhabit in order to seek refuge from the hot temperatures of South Carolina at noon during the summer. The reek was shallow, about a foot deep, and contained mostly sand with a few larger rocks on the bottom with a steady current. Both areas were completely shaded to eliminate radiation as a factor. A total of ten peeps were used and five were placed in different areas in a stream, while the other five were placed in various areas along the bank of the stream. Strings were tied to the samples placed in the stream and samples submerged and to keep them from being carried away with the current. The samples were left in their locations for twenty minutes in order to give the I-buttons ample time to equilibrate to the environment. This data was then extracted from the I-buttons and organized by temperature per minute for each sample in separate excel tables for each microhabitat. The average, standard deviation, confidence interval, and upper and lower confidence intervals for the temperature each minute was calculated using excel for each of the microhabitats. The temperatures for the last minute, the 20th minute, for each sample were organized into another table separated by microhabitat.

100 Ways to Say I Love You in Italian

100 Ways to Say 'I Love You' in Italian Whether its an operatic aria, a love poem, or whispered sweet nothings, many think the phrase I love you is best said in Italian. There are many ways to express your true feelings in this ancient language. Some are simple and straightforward, others poetic and passionate. Either way, this list of 100 ways to say I love you in Italian is sure to help you find the right words. Say I Love You in Italian Ti amo: I love youTi voglio bene: I love you a lotTi voglio molto bene: I love you very muchMi piaci molto: I really like youTi adoro: I adore youTi ammiro: I admire youSei importante per me: You are important to meSei tutto per me: You are everything to meSono innamorato / innamorata di te: Im in love with youHo bisogno di te: I need youTi voglio: I love youTi desidero: I want youMi sento attratto / attratta da te: Im attracted  to youMi sono infatuato di te: Im infatuated with youHo un debole per te: Im weak for youSignifichi tutto per me: You mean everything to meMi sono affezionato / affezionata a te: Im fond of youSposami: Marry meVoglio essere sempre con te: I always want to be with youSenza di te non posso pià ¹ vivere: I cant live without youTi voglio baciare: I want to kiss youSono tuo / tua:  Im yoursSei la mia anima gemella: You’re my soul mateSenza di te non sono niente: Without you, I am nothingSei luomo / la donna dei miei sogni: Youre the man/woman of my dr eamsSei luomo / la donna della mia vita: Youre the man/woman of my life Per te farei di tutto: Id do anything for youSono pazzo / pazza di te: Im crazy about youSono abbagliato da te: Im dazzled by youSei il grande amore della mia vita: Youre the love of my lifeSenza di te la vita non ha pià ¹ senso: Without you, life has no meaningIl mio cuore à ¨ solo tuo / tua: My heart is yoursHai conquistato il mio cuore: Youve won my heartGiorno e notte sogno solo te: Day and night, I dream only of youMi hai incantato / incantata: Youve charmed/enchanted meSei il sole della mia vita: Youre the sunshine of my lifeSei tutto cià ² che voglio: Youre everything I wantTi voglio un mondo di bene: I want a world of good for youCon te voglio invecchiare: I want to grow old with youTi voglio sempre avere al mio fianco: I always want you by my sideSenza di te la vita à ¨ un inferno: Without you, life is hellDa quando ti conosco la mia vita à ¨ un paradiso: Since I met you, my life is  paradiseResta sempre con me: Stay with me alwaysMi hai stregato / stregata: Youve bew itched mePotrei guardarti tutto il giorno: I could watch you all day Solo tu mi capisci: Only you understand meSono ubriaco / ubriaca di te: Im drunk with youNei tuoi occhi cà ¨ il cielo: Heaven is in your eyesSe non ci fossi dovrei inventarti: If you werent (real), Id invent youTu sei un dono del cielo: Youre a gift from HeavenVoglio passare tutta la mia vita con te: I want to spend my entire life with youIl nostro amore à ¨ la cosa pià ¹ importante nella mia vita: Our love is the most important thing in my lifeQuando chiudo gli occhi vedo solo te: When I close my eyes. I see only youEntra nella mia vita: Come into my lifeLa tua bocca mi fa impazzire: Your mouth drives me crazyVorrei annegare nei tuoi occhi: I want to drown in your eyesTu sei la mia vita: Youre my lifeNessuno / nessuna à ¨ come te: No one is like youSei il mio tesoro: Youre my treasureArdo di amore per te: I burn with love for youTi ho chiuso nel mio cuore: Ive closed you in my heartIl mio cuore dipende da te: My heart depends on youHo preso una sbandata per te: I have a crush on youSono tutto tuo / tua: Im all yours Ti penso sempre: I always think of youMi manchi: I miss youCome sei bella: How beautiful you areVoglio vederti stasera: I want to see you tonightTu sei una stella...la mia stella: You are a star...my starCara mia, ti voglio bene: My darling, I love youMi hai fatto perdere la testa: You made me lose my mindBrucio per te: Im on fire for youTi ho regalato il mio cuore: I gave you my heartIl mio cuore batte solo per te: My heart beats only for youSei irresistibile: Youre irresistibleSei la mia Venere: Youre my VenusMi hai rubato il cuore: Youve stolen my heartSolo con te riesco ad essere felice: Only with you can I be happyMi hai conquistato / conquistata: Youve won meI miei sensi sono pieni di te: My senses are filled with youVoglio che tu sia solo mio / mia: I want you to be only mineDai un nuovo senso alla mia vita: You give new meaning to my lifeSei un gioello: Youre a jewelPer te faccio di tutto: Id do anything for youGiorno e notte penso solo a te: Day and night, I only think about you Mi accompagni ovunque io vada: Youre with me wherever I goSei la cosa pià ¹ cara che ho: Youre the dearest thing I haveSei tutto cià ² che desidero: Youre everything I wantMi fai sognare: You make me dreamEcciti i miei sensi: You excite my sensesSenza di te sono solo met: Without you, Im only halfSei il mio angelo: Youre my angelCon te dimentico il tempo: With you, I forget timeNon ho occhi che per te: I only have eyes for youSei il mio pensiero preferito: Youre my favorite thoughtSento qualcosa di forte per te: I have strong feelings for youNon voglio perderti: I dont want to lose youLa tua bellezza mi toglie il fiato: Your beauty takes my breath awayPotrei fissare i tuoi bellissimi occhi in eterno: I can gaze into your beautiful eyes foreverPer favore, ricordati di me: Please remember/think of me

Amazon Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Amazon Marketing Strategies - Essay Example Consumer needs can be determined through their browsing history and can stock up their inventory levels as and when required for future references or to determine the expected form of orders that a certain level of the market can consider as relevant. It is vital for the business to have a combination of a good retail supply chain workforce and technical people who would be available within the company for the provision of technical support in the company’s operations. However, the turnover for Amazon is very high. This is because most of the employees do not stay in the organization for more than one year. This paper has been documented in an attempt to establish the reasons for a high rate of turnover. The basis for the study is mainly primary and secondary research in regards to the factors that contribute towards the understanding of the study item. The section of the literature review explores the studies that have been made by the authors about this issue of turnover in the business environment. The topic of employee turnover has been studied and researched by a big number of scholars over a very long period. In the Human resources framework, the rate of turnover of the employees is the rate at which an employer acquires and loses his/her employees. The high rate of turnover is an indication of the fact that the employees in an organization would work in the organization for a shorter span of time. This rate is determined after a comparison with the other industries found within the same market. The turnover metric is determined by dividing the total number of parts workers who have left within a year by the number of employees who were engaged in the company for that particular year (Cascio and Boudreau, 2011, p. 80). The same metric has been used by Price in his model of turnover (Price, 1977, pp. 10-25) which may not be viewed as a recently published source but still plays a major role in contributing to the topic of employee turnover.