Bipolar Disorder Depression And Mania Essay - 2094 Words

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder that is also known as manic depression. The term â€Å"bipolar† can be separated to find its definition. Bi- meaning two, and –polar meaning two opposing poles. Signifying the 2 polar opposites of depression and mania. Its first appearance in the American Psychiatrist Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), was in its 3rd revision of 1980. There are three types of Bipolar disorder: bipolar 1, Bipolar 2, and cyclothymic disorder. This disorder is important because everyday many untreated people struggle with it due to a lack of information on this given subject. It s history, symptoms, and treatments will be discussed in the following pages. History The first signs of Bipolar disorder fate back to the 1st century. Araetaeus of Capadociamade notes that linked mania and depression together in Greece. However his researched went unnoted for many centuries. In. Ancient Greek and Roman times â€Å"mania and melancholia†, today known as manic and depressive, were attitudes that were beginning to be studied. At the same time as Araetaeus, Greek philosopher Aristotle acknowledged melancholy as a condition, but he also thanked it for being a source of inspiration for the artists who lived in his time. Also, people around the world would be executed for having any mental condition or disorder, including bipolar disorder. Religious dogma made people believe that anyone with mental conditions were possessed byShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders1249 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder, also known as manic/depressive disorder once was a disorder that carried a severe societal stigmatism. It now has carries less sti gmatism but is a disorder which has become difficult to diagnosis and extremely prevalent in today’s society. Due to the manic characteristic of the disorder it differentiates itself from the typical form of depression. Even though both depression and bipolar disorder can be due to an imbalance in brain chemistry and biology, genetics, or effected byRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1572 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Bipolar disorder has had a large history full of misunderstandings, wrongful treatments and stigma surrounding the illness. Bipolar, formerly called manic depression causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). (Mayo 1998) When you become depressed you may feel sad, vulnerable and anxious. When you experience mania you will become overly joyful or full of energy, making the crash back to depression that much harder. According to A ShortRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Human Mind987 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. It’s found in young adults and children as well. Statistics show that the disorder affects about four million people in the United States and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with bipolar disorder undergo two types of mood swings: depression and mania. Those two are then divided into su bcategories: Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder, and Cylothymia. This paperRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1020 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. Mood swings include episodes of highs and lows; these are known as mania and depressive episodes. Bipolar is a disorder that affects men and woman equally and affects around 1 in 100 adults. Symptoms usually start during or after adolescents and rarely start after the age of 40 (Royal CollegeRead MoreWhat Is Bipolar Disorder?.1101 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, is a mental disorder. This condition primarily affects your mood and can cause extreme mood swings from elation to depression. Individuals with bipolar disorder can experience serious changes in thinking, energy and behaviour. If you have bipolar disorder you are likely to experience what are referred to as ‘episodes’ or states. The differentRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depression has always been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that it can appear in almost everyone. Bipolar disorder causes mood swings in energy, thinking, and other behavior. Having a bipolar disorder can be very disabling (Kapczinski). A study was evaluated and about 1.3% of the U.S population of people suffers from bipolar disorder. Stressors and environmental influences can trigger an d cause a person to go through numerous episodes. BipolarRead MoreTaking a Look at Bipolar Disorder1059 Words   |  4 PagesI chose bipolar disorder because making the distinction between normal mood fluctuations and mood fluctuations caused by bipolar disorder is significant to understanding human behavior. It is interesting to analyze how the brain and moods are affected by bipolar disorder and what treatments are available to get it back to a stable stage. A brief overview of the disease: Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder or manic-depressive disorder) is a long-term disorder where a person’s mood fluctuatesRead MoreThe Cultural Aspects Of Bipolar Disorder1586 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder like most mental disorders does not discriminate by culture. This research papers primary goal is educate on the cultural difference or similarities in how bipolar disorder manifests itself. The secondary goal of this paper is to establish a generalized understanding of bipolar disorder as to supplement the primary goal. This will all be done in a systematic manner to ensure that every major topic is examined to the full extent and all the topics of interests are covered

Sidney Milkis Argues That. Fdr And His New Deal Coalition,

Sidney Milkis argues that. FDR and his New Deal coalition, reforms were intended to liberate the chief executive from the constraints of partisan politics. Only weakening an already tenuous relationship, this isolation by FDR from what was once popular and institutional support from their party contributes to the decline of the party system and the process. It fashioned a stronger, more active national state, but one lacking in vital representative institutions capable of common deliberation and choice. Placing the issue in contemporary perspective, Milkis warns of the challenges ahead for a nation struggling to repair its frayed connection between government and people. Milkis also presents the question of whose party was actually in†¦show more content†¦FDR’s desire to â€Å"purge† and reform the party system was based on a belief that intra-party battles where the cause for the dysfunctionality in American politics and its inefficiency of mobilization to nee ded change. Tensions between Progressives and Traditional Democrats FDR’s New Deal programs greatly expanded the size, scope, and power of the federal government, giving the President and his Brain Trust near-dictatorial status. â€Å"I want to assure you,† Roosevelt s aide Harry Hopkins told an audience of New Deal activists in New York, â€Å"that we are not afraid of exploring anything within the law, and we have a lawyer who will declare anything you want to do legal.† FDR was faced with the same difficult position of putting words into action. The establishment machine forges a â€Å"coalition of progressives that were divided into two parties† (54). †¦ â€Å" FDR believed that an undue dependence on regular Democratic party would prevent a fundamental alteration of political alignments and †¦his support of regular patronage practices to reward certain Republican Progressives and other reformers outside the Democratic party†¦developed a national New Deal Organization.† (55) The resentment by the new patronage was extremely evident. Even by the progressive who were reaping the rewards of their new status and positions in government. This allocation and reorganization of ideological aspiration was the path for a â€Å"more

Informative speech on ecstasy free essay sample

II. According to the US National Library of Medicine Nation Institutes of Health, approximately 10% of college students have tried this at least once. 7% have used this within the past year and 3% within the past month. It is the second most likely illicit drug to be used, first being marijuana. a. For many of you have heard of it referred to as â€Å"E†, or the â€Å"love drug†, or â€Å"happy pill†, or what media refers to it as â€Å"molly†. III. However, all these names share one common characteristic. They all are talking about ecstasy. IV. Today I am going to inform you about the history of ecstasy, how it works, and the symptoms. (Transition: Let’s start by looking at the history.) Body I. What is ecstasy? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, ecstasy is the street name for MDMA, or methylendioxy-methamphetamine, which is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that has similarities to the stimulant amphetamine and hallucinogen mescaline. a. Problem with ecstasy is that it is no longer pure MDMA, ecstasy tablets are now commonly filled with a mixture of chemical cocktails. For example, the Office of National Drug Control Policy released a report saying, â€Å"Ecstasy tablets are no longer just MDMA, but rather a cocktail of chemicals. Samples of Ecstasy analyzed by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) laboratories contain meth, ketamine, caffeine, dimethylsulfone, N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), and trifluoromethylpiperazine (TFMPP), in addition to MDMA.† II. History of ecstasy: MDMA was patented in 1913 by the German pharmaceutical company called â€Å"Merck† which was originally supposed to be sold as a diet pill, according to the Center for Substance Abuse Research. However, they decided against marketing the drug. a. Then in the 1950’s the US army experimented with it to use as a possible truth serum against enemy troops. (Center for Substance Abuse Research) b. Then in the 1970’s it sparked interest among psychiatrists, who began looking into it and experimenting with it to help  in psychotherapy and marriage counseling. c. In the early 1980’s, MDMA got its new nickname, â€Å"Ecstasy†. (Center for Substance Abuse Research) d. In 1988 it became illegal (Center for Substance Abuse Research) and was categorized as a schedule I drug, which according to the Drug Enforcement Administration are â€Å"drugs with no currently accepted medical use and high potential for abuse. â€Å" These are the most dangerous drugs of all drug schedules with potentially severe psychological or physical dependence. Some examples include LSD, Heroin, and cannabis. e. In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, ecstasy became very popular in the U.S. f. Today, ecstasy is very popular at â€Å"rave† scenes or large dance parties with electronic music and pulsating lights. However, raves aren’t the only places where it is used; abused at house parties, college dorms, and various other places. (Transition: Now that we have looked at the history of ecstasy, let’s take a look at how it psychologically works) III. How it works? a. According to the Center for Substance Abuse Research, MDMA affects levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is related to mood (and pleasure), sleep and heart rate. When ingested in the body, MDMA causes the brain to flood itself with serotonin, causing the body to have heightened sensitivity and the individual to be intensely emotional and empathetic. b. However, when it wears off, the brain is depleted of much of its supply of serotonin. Because of this substantial loss, depression is a common after-effect of MDMA use. c. Within 20-40 minutes after taking a tablet, the user will experience small rushes of exhilaration, often accompanied by nausea. Sixty to ninety minutes after taking the drug, the user feels the peak effects. Users may continue to experience effects for up to six hours and can feel drained-out for up to two days later, due to heavy loss of serotonin. (Center for Substance Abuse research) (Transition: The increase of serotonin heavily influences the symptoms one may experience, now let’s see what one might experience on ecstasy) IV. Symptoms in the beginning of the rush make users feel peaceful, an increased closeness to others, and have a heightened sensory awareness. a. Short term physical effects of ecstasy according to the Center for Substance Abuse Research, are muscle tension, heightened senses, hallucinations, euphoria, empathy for others/ emotional warmth, anxiety, paranoia, involuntary teeth or jaw clenching,  nausea, extreme relaxation, severe dehydration, heat exhaustion, increased body temperature up to 108 degrees, increased blood pressure, breathing rate, and heart rate, faintness, chills or sweating, blurred vision or nystagmus- which is rapid quivering of the pupils. i. In addition, new data released by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration indicates that ecstasy related emergency room visits rose from 10,220 in 2004 to 17,865 visits in 2008- a 74.8 percent increase within just four years. b. Long term effects of ecstasy can include, confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe anxiety, possible depletion of serotonin and memory, or potentially death. (Center for Substance Abuse Research) i. Ecstasy related deaths have been reported usually as a result of heatstroke from dancing in hot clubs for long hours without replenishing lost body fluids. According to the Daily News, Jeffrey Russ and Olivia Rotondo, died after taking doses of MDMA, at a electronic dance music festival held in New York City. (Daily News) Conclusion I. As we see, ecstasy is not a joking matter and should not be tested with due to the serious symptoms it can cause, even as serious as death. II. I have decided to focus on the history, how it works, and symptoms of ecstasy because one night of â€Å"fun† could turn into a tragic event in the blink of an eye.